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How to cite PAR-Q+ / ePARmed-X+ (copy-paste ready)

Use the references below when describing or implementing the official PAR-Q+ / ePARmed-X+ pathway. Please remember that the PAR-Q+ and ePARmed-X+ are copyrighted documents.

Important: These citations support the official PAR-Q+ / ePARmed-X+ pre-participation screening and risk-stratification process. They should not be presented as validating or endorsing third-party screening questionnaires.

APA

Bredin, S. S., Gledhill, N., Jamnik, V. K., & Warburton, D. E. (2013). PAR-Q+ and ePARmed-X+: New risk stratification and physical activity clearance strategy for physicians and patients alike. Canadian Family Physician, 59(3), 273–277. https://www.cfp.ca/content/59/3/273

Warburton, D. E. R., Jamnik, V. K., Bredin, S. S. D., & Gledhill, N. (2011). The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) and Electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X+). Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, 4(2), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.14288/hfjc.v4i2.103

Warburton, D. E. R., Jamnik, V. K., Bredin, S. S. D., Burr, J., Charlesworth, S., Chilibeck, P., Eves, N., Foulds, H., Goodman, J., Jones, L., McKenzie, D. C., Rhodes, R., Riddell, M., Shephard, R. J., Stone, J., Thomas, S., Zehr, P., & Gledhill, N. (2011). Executive summary: the 2011 Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) and the Electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X+). Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, 4(2), 24–25. https://doi.org/10.14288/hfjc.v4i2.104

Warburton, D. E. R., Jamnik, V. K., Bredin, S. S. D., & Gledhill, N. (2014). The 2014 Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) and electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X+). Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, 7(1), 80–83. https://doi.org/10.14288/hfjc.v7i1.171

Warburton, D. E. R., Jamnik, V. K., Bredin, S. S. D., & Gledhill, N. (2014). The ePARmed-X+ Physician Clearance Follow-up. Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, 7(2), 35–38. https://doi.org/10.14288/hfjc.v7i2.183

Vancouver

Bredin SS, Gledhill N, Jamnik VK, Warburton DE. PAR-Q+ and ePARmed-X+: New risk stratification and physical activity clearance strategy for physicians and patients alike. Can Fam Physician. 2013;59(3):273-277. Available from: https://www.cfp.ca/content/59/3/273

Warburton DER, Jamnik VK, Bredin SSD, Gledhill N. The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) and Electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X+). Health & Fitness Journal of Canada. 2011;4(2):3-17. doi: 10.14288/hfjc.v4i2.103

Warburton DER, Jamnik VK, Bredin SSD, Burr J, Charlesworth S, Chilibeck P, et al. Executive summary: the 2011 Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) and the Electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X+). Health & Fitness Journal of Canada. 2011;4(2):24-25. doi: 10.14288/hfjc.v4i2.104

Warburton DER, Jamnik VK, Bredin SSD, Gledhill N. The 2014 Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) and electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X+). Health & Fitness Journal of Canada. 2014;7(1):80-83. doi: 10.14288/hfjc.v7i1.171

Warburton DER, Jamnik VK, Bredin SSD, Gledhill N. The ePARmed-X+ Physician Clearance Follow-up. Health & Fitness Journal of Canada. 2014;7(2):35-38. doi: 10.14288/hfjc.v7i2.183

MLA

Bredin, Shannon S., et al. “PAR-Q+ and ePARmed-X+: New risk stratification and physical activity clearance strategy for physicians and patients alike.” Canadian Family Physician, vol. 59, no. 3, 2013, pp. 273–277. https://www.cfp.ca/content/59/3/273

Warburton, Darren E. R., et al. “The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) and Electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X+).” Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, vol. 4, no. 2, 2011, pp. 3–17. DOI: 10.14288/hfjc.v4i2.103.

Warburton, Darren E. R., et al. “Executive summary: the 2011 Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) and the Electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X+).” Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, vol. 4, no. 2, 2011, pp. 24–25. DOI: 10.14288/hfjc.v4i2.104.

Warburton, Darren E. R., et al. “The 2014 Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) and electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X+).” Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, vol. 7, no. 1, 2014, pp. 80–83. DOI: 10.14288/hfjc.v7i1.171.

Warburton, Darren E. R., et al. “The ePARmed-X+ Physician Clearance Follow-up.” Health & Fitness Journal of Canada, vol. 7, no. 2, 2014, pp. 35–38. DOI: 10.14288/hfjc.v7i2.183.

BibTeX

Copy/paste the entries below.

@article{Bredin2013CFP,
  title   = {PAR-Q+ and ePARmed-X+: New risk stratification and physical activity clearance strategy for physicians and patients alike},
  author  = {Bredin, Shannon S. and Gledhill, Norman and Jamnik, Veronica K. and Warburton, Darren E.},
  journal = {Canadian Family Physician},
  year    = {2013},
  volume  = {59},
  number  = {3},
  pages   = {273--277},
  url     = {https://www.cfp.ca/content/59/3/273}
}

@article{Warburton2011PARQ,
  title   = {The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) and Electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X+)},
  author  = {Warburton, Darren E. R. and Jamnik, Veronica K. and Bredin, Shannon S. D. and Gledhill, Norman},
  journal = {Health and Fitness Journal of Canada},
  year    = {2011},
  volume  = {4},
  number  = {2},
  pages   = {3--17},
  doi     = {10.14288/hfjc.v4i2.103},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.14288/hfjc.v4i2.103}
}

@article{Warburton2011ExecSummary,
  title   = {Executive summary: the 2011 Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) and the Electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X+)},
  author  = {Warburton, Darren E. R. and Jamnik, Veronica K. and Bredin, Shannon S. D. and Burr, Jonathan and Charlesworth, Sarah and Chilibeck, Philip and others},
  journal = {Health and Fitness Journal of Canada},
  year    = {2011},
  volume  = {4},
  number  = {2},
  pages   = {24--25},
  doi     = {10.14288/hfjc.v4i2.104},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.14288/hfjc.v4i2.104}
}

@article{Warburton2014PARQ,
  title   = {The 2014 Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+) and electronic Physical Activity Readiness Medical Examination (ePARmed-X+)},
  author  = {Warburton, Darren E. R. and Jamnik, Veronica K. and Bredin, Shannon S. D. and Gledhill, Norman},
  journal = {Health and Fitness Journal of Canada},
  year    = {2014},
  volume  = {7},
  number  = {1},
  pages   = {80--83},
  doi     = {10.14288/hfjc.v7i1.171},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.14288/hfjc.v7i1.171}
}

@article{Warburton2014FollowUp,
  title   = {The ePARmed-X+ Physician Clearance Follow-up},
  author  = {Warburton, Darren E. R. and Jamnik, Veronica K. and Bredin, Shannon S. D. and Gledhill, Norman},
  journal = {Health and Fitness Journal of Canada},
  year    = {2014},
  volume  = {7},
  number  = {2},
  pages   = {35--38},
  doi     = {10.14288/hfjc.v7i2.183},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.14288/hfjc.v7i2.183}
}
      

2011 APNM special-issue systematic review series (background evidence)

The 2011 APNM special issue includes systematic reviews and evidence syntheses used to inform condition-specific recommendations within the PAR-Q+ / ePARmed-X+ process.

Scope: These papers provide background evidence and recommendations implemented within PAR-Q+ / ePARmed-X+. They do not evaluate or validate third-party screening questionnaires.

Official versions

Use and link to the official versions below. Prior versions are provided for reference only and are marked as superseded.

Current versions

Tool Version Download / Access
PAR-Q+ (PDF)
Individuals
Current (2025) Download fillable PDF
PAR-Q+ (Online)
Interactive pathway
Current Use the online version
ePARmed-X+ (Online)
Follow-up when indicated
Current Start ePARmed-X+
Physician clearance follow-up
Official print resources
Current Access official follow-up forms

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